Other times you will need to run the head unit's ground wire to the same grounding location as the amplifier. Also check for open RCA shield grounds on your head unit as this can be a source of noise.
A switch to unshielded, twisted pair RCA cables can help that if the noise is being induced along the cable run. Most likely it's coming in on the cables. If there is still noise then it's a rare head unit problem. Male to male RCA gender changers are about the right length. Then connect the head unit to the amplifier with very short RCA cables. Hook up the deck's power leads (power and ground) to the amplifier's power terminals. Put a non-conductive barrier between the two (a folded towel is fine). Remove the deck from its mounting location and place it on top of the amplifier. The next step isn't as much fun but it's needed to know for sure. If you're not using a new ground point then you'll want to make sure your factory bolt meets the criteria above. Factory bolts are not a bad source necessarily, but if they have other electrical components using them as a ground this can be a source of noise. Many times installers will use whatever factory bolt is handy and that can work but it can also cause problems. Clean, bare chassis metal is the best solution. In almost every case you will simply need to find a better ground location for that component. If the noise returns then it is a head unit problem. If the noise is gone then your problem is the intermediate components. First, connect the head unit RCA cables directly to the amplifier (assuming you have crossovers or equalizers between the two). If the noise is gone then you need to check the other components upstream of the amp. This also eliminates any noise from components upstream of the amplifier such as crossovers and equalizers. You can usually isolate the head unit as the problem by disconnecting the RCA cables from the amplifier and inserting a muting plug (RCA plug with the connectors shorted together). It's usually cured by finding the source of the noise entrance and re-grounding that component. Basically any component that touches the low level music signal (from RCA cables).
The main culprits are the amp, the head unit and any intermediate components such as crossovers and equalizers. It's usually caused by a ground connection that is less than ideal.
Alternator whine is caused by a difference in electrical potential (voltage) between two points. The biggest offender of noise in the car audio environment is alternator whine.
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